Streamlining 3D Printing Post-Processing Opens Market Opportunities

Will 3D printing move into the mainstream in the near future? Unfortunately, the jury is still out on that question. It’s true that aerospace and defense companies have embraced advanced additive manufacturing (AM) for part production, but for other industries — those with tighter budgets — the technology remains either a prototyping tool or something to be experimented with in the future.

All this, however, may change. Several companies have introduced 3D printing processes that promise voxel-level control, a capability that has the potential to enable AM to cost-effectively take on applications like short-run, end-use parts production. And that could open the door for mainstream adoption of AM technology.

Shortfalls and Solutions

Until not too long ago, design engineers contemplating harnessing the power of AM had to sift through a bewildering array of technologies, looking for one that provided speed, strength, accuracy, appropriate finish quality, safety, and repeatability. The problem was that there simply wasn’t a system on the market that could deliver all these features.

What AM technology needed was the ability to produce injection-molded-quality parts on demand, safely and affordably. This translates into high-resolution, 3D-printed parts with the same strength and surface finish as injection-molded parts. “Achieving this is the holy grail of additive manufacturing,” says Julie Reece, vice president of marketing at Rize.

Voxel-level Control

Hewlett-Packard, Stratasys, 3D Systems and Rize are all developing 3D printing processes that enable designers to have some control of materials at the voxel, or 3D-pixel, level. This new control technology promises to give users the ability to build functional parts with modified material properties at almost microscopic levels.

Voxel-level control allows designers to use a wide variety of construction materials to build customized parts, and it enables predictive voxel-by-voxel corrections to optimize mechanical properties. Armed with these new capabilities, 3D printers can achieve performance levels that manufacturers and engineers have been waiting for a long time.

Something New

Last February, Massachusetts-based Rize introduced its Rize One 3D printer, one of the most recent systems to leverage voxel-level control. Rize One, however, stands out from many other systems in this class because it reduces post-processing and eliminates harmful chemicals and toxic emissions. Enhancing the printer’s capability, the company’s patented augmented polymer deposition technology (ADP) blends thermoplastic extrusion with inkjetting. The printer extrudes a thermoplastic called Rizium One onto the build plate, and an inkjet head is able to deposit a range of inks to print for a variety of applications.

A key ingredient to Rize’s additive process is repelling ink called Release One, which facilitates support removal.

The printer deposits Release One between the print and the support structures, which are made from Rizium One. Release One prevents the two from forming a strong bond. This eliminates the need for bead blasting, super glue baths, high-pressure water jetting, and chemical baths.

Rize estimates that this streamlined post-processing enables users to reduce 3D printing turnaround time by 50%.

“Without post-processing, the value of 3D printing can increase substantially,” says Todd Grimm, founder and president of T. A. Grimm & Associates Inc., an additive manufacturing consultancy. “For some, it will allow them to perform more value-added tasks to improve part quality and expand the application base. For others, it will dramatically accelerate the total process, which increases responsiveness and total throughput. For those adding new 3D printers, eliminating post-processing will reduce labor expense by $25,000 to $50,000 for each machine.”

The impact of streamlining post-processing reaches beyond labor costs and production schedules. Simplifying support removal adds important properties to the APD platform. For example, it allows the Rize One to 3D print with strong thermoplastics (e.g., Rizium One). Because of the way that the material bonds during the printing process, Rizium One is said to retain much of its isotropic properties. This means that the parts printed in this material have nearly the same strength along all axes (X, Y, and Z). This differentiates the Rize One’s performance from many other 3D printing technologies, which cannot create parts with an equally strong Z-axis.

“Post-processing is a non-value-added function that is both a burden and a bottleneck,” says Grimm. “Without it, the promise of a simple, fast, and automated digital workflow becomes a reality for all parts, whether simple or complex in design. In that new reality, 3D printing adoption will accelerate, and the breadth of applications will expand for organizations of all types and sizes and for every industry and market.”

Moving to the Desktop

Rize’s streamlined post-processing enhancements also promise to change the way design engineers work. By eliminating harmful chemicals, toxic emissions and the need for lasers, design teams can move the 3D printer out of the lab and onto the desktop in their workspace. This could revolutionize design and manufacturing processes.

“To significantly expand manufacturing applications and markets for 3D printing, the technology must break the chains of the additive manufacturing lab and move into offices, wherever that ‘office’ is located and whatever form it takes,” says Reece.

Reece contends that there is an enormous, unaddressed market for producing customized one-offs and low-volume manufactured end-use parts and tooling on demand, in both lab and non-lab environments. This means moving the printer into the mechanical engineer’s office to make real functional parts; onto the manufacturing floor to make custom tools, replacement jigs, and fixtures on the fly; and into the factory to make spare part replacements on demand rather than in bulk.

Just the Beginning

Rize’s augmented polymer deposition promises to significantly advance 3D printing capabilities, delivering homogeneous strength on all three axes, surface-finish quality equal to injection molding, full-color capabilities, variable hardness and easy support removal. But the technology is still in the early stages of development.

Additive manufacturing has just entered a renaissance period of its evolution. New developments lie just over the horizon, and many of these revolve around the introduction of new materials.

“Rize’s Rizium One thermoplastic and other composite materials and polymers will advance the use of AM for short-run, end-use production parts and products,” says Reece. “For example, nano-filled materials will produce parts with advanced physical properties. Emerging functional inks can change the material properties of polymers to deliver capabilities such as color, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. And of course, various metals have become popular over the past year to meet the requirements of niche additive manufacturing applications.”

These material science advances will in turn drive hardware development. Combined, the two forces will increase complexity, but also expand AM’s horizons and utility.